篇一:《英语作文英文》
Business communication is in fact a kind of cultural exchange activities. Every nation has its own culture, and guide people in the concept of social behavior, but also affect the development of business activities. In the world as a single market today, differentcultural background between countries becomes increasingly frequent businessactivities. In the cross-cultural communication, if you do not pay attention to cultural differences in each, and the use of business behavior is not appropriate, it will lead tothe failure of communication. Therefore, to understand and master the knowledge andskills under the background of multi culture communication, the realization of commonsense on both sides, so as to minimize or eliminate the conflicts caused by cultural differences, friction or misunderstanding, in order to effectively carry out business activities, it has very important practical significance to improve the actual effect of communication. Language differences
Language is an important carrier of culture, as the most basic activities in business contacts, it is prone to misunderstanding, it is most likely to occur in cross-culturalconflict link. Although the translation of one language into another language is essentially a direct and accurate, but in practice also appeared in international business communication failure caused by differences in language case. For example, the French car company production of "nova" cars in the Latin American region has poor sales, after investigation found that the brand in Spanish means "go", bought a car is "not go", people certainly do not want.
International business communication, in addition to the above listed for semanticconflict and conflict caused by the different, but also pragmatic failure. The culture is different, the use of regular languages are different, a cultural standards and norms in their own only to explain their specific conditions, and can not be used as the standard to describe another culture, otherwise it will lead to the failure of cross-cultural communication. For example, in the eyes of the Chinese people, "the Dragon (Dragon)" is a symbol of good fortune and power, the Chinese people also feel proud as descendants of the dragon, but in the eyes of Westerners, does not have this special feeling of "dragon" and "dragon", will be understood as a kind of terrible monsters bared. According to the
"Bible" records, "dragon" is the symbol of evil. So, Westerners,Chinese people claiming to be "descendants of the dragon" can not understand. So,under the different cultural background of understanding and communication is extremely important. To fully understand the differences between language meaning and the way of communication, in order to avoid unnecessary
misunderstanding.
Differences in standards of behaviour
A person in the process of communication, the use of language at the same time, alsoaccompanied by gestures, facial
expressions, eye, instruments, clothing and other actsmeans. One study showed that: verbal communication conveys
information accounted for only 35% of non - verbal communication conveys information that is as high as 65%.While the behavior is the primary way of non-verbal communication. People from different cultural backgrounds in business communication, because the behavioraldifferences between code, the same gesture and body may have different and even opposite meaning in different cultural environment. A inadvertently gestures and may lead to others angry, because it may be in another culture is regarded as rude or aggressive. For example, the Brazilian met for veneer ceremony, to meet the
Japanesefor "bow", Thailand people used "Namaste" and so on the different ways of greeting, butalso have expressed
respect and friendship.
Therefore, the requirements of various movements and gestures, expressions ofbusiness etiquette will be because of different cultural background and differences in cross-cultural communication is able to correctly identify the code of conduct,appropriate use of the international business etiquette is to guarantee the smooth intercultural communication is an important factor.
Impact on business negotiation
International business negotiations take place across national boundaries, which means that, to understand the different cultural
environment, and considering the business activities of the cultural differences in international business negotiations is veryimportant. In the West because of different cultural traditions and cultural values, Chinese goodface, the face of cultural infiltration in
the Chinese almost all of life, there is no exceptionin business negotiations. In business negotiations, if you want to make a choice in the "interests" and "face" of the two, the Chinese people tend to prefer the latter. While the westerners are different, they will not
hesitate to choose the former. Westernnegotiators warned his compatriots in their works, and Chinese negotiations, must pay attention to the use of this kind of psychological Chinese for their best interests. Only a correct understanding and proper grasp
of national differences in the west, in order to effectively help us to correct the shortcomings, strengthen the advantages.
In intercultural business negotiation, communication barriers to avoid the negotiating process, negotiators should "do as the Romans do". At the same time, enhance the cross-cultural awareness, respect each other's culture and customs, get rid of selfculture is bound to a certain extent, a clear understanding of self, proper understanding of others, take the transcendental
open-minded attitude, flexible use of negotiation strategy and intercultural communication, truly benefit from harm, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses can achieve the success of the negotiation.
Impact on business etiquette
Business etiquette is etiquette in business activities business personnel must abide byin the business communication activities in
the. Business etiquette is complex and various, including eat, wear, live, etiquette, gifts and so on, all aspects of the design of business activities. Different cultural backgrounds will inevitably lead to differentbusiness etiquette. The three basic principles of communication is to respect, good at expression, formal specification. Business communication is no exception. Different cultures have different understanding of respect, also have different expression forms,therefore, in the business etiquette must pay attention to the environment, atmosphere,historical and cultural factors.
For business card etiquette, in western culture, to ask for business cards will be considered to have a suspicion of the other
side, generally take the initiative to provide,and take the initiative to ask for business cards Chinese said he was on the other side of the respect and attention.
Moreover, Chinese delegation to the west, can long time nobody to entertain, but this misunderstanding is the master of their visit is not interested; Europeans came to theChina, may find themselves no matter what someone accompany, but this
misunderstanding is the host for their lack of trust. Too much of a senior foreign visitors who care, not to mention the dinner, it would be wrong to think that his company or the company's products have a preference, but because of the Chinese people's hospitality, this will lead to later disappointment, even complain.
The first communication in business etiquette, the Chinese people showed more tactful,concise manner, two western
approach is direct, frank. Blunt rigid Americans mostheadache to talk business with Chinese, they are particularly sensitive
to Chinese, likeguess someone intent, elusive. To love the implicit Chinese, Europe and the United States say without mincing words communication is too conservation, sometimes evenrude.
Therefore, in international business activities, as much as possible to understand other cultures in business etiquette and foreign business partners to first contact, timely adjust their behavior, create a relaxed business environment.
Objectively speaking, Chinese culture and Western culture have their own advantages and disadvantages. In order to make the communication smooth communication, we need in the intercultural communication, understanding the differences between
different cultures, to reach a consensus, appreciation and respect for their culture, but also to understand and accept the culture of his country, out of their own culturespecific rules and thinking, Qiu Tongcun, use the appropriate communication
mode,successful international business communication.
篇二:《英语四级作文模版》
2015年6月四级作文万能模板：议论文 Along with the advance of the society more and more controversial issues have been brought to our attention, one of which is that.... 随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。 As to whether it is worthwhile X there is a long-running debate. 关于是否值得X的问题，一直以来争论不休. Just as the saying goes: "so many people so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. 俗话说，""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。 Those who criticize X argue that X They believe that X But people who favor X on the other hand argue that.X 1.To begin /start with 2.furthermore/besides/in addition 3.last but not least. 批判X的人认为X。他们相信X，不过，另一方面，赞同X的人则认为X。 After a thorough consideration for my part I am in favor of the latter view that X 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即X 2015大学英语四级作文万能模板：图表作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that therate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramaticchanges. It has gone up/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderably in recent years (as X varies). At thepoint of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly thereare… (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected inthe graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). Moreimportantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). 2015上半年英语四级作文万能模板：辩论式议论文同学们在日常的英语四级作文训练中，要有意识地抓取作文间的写作规律，快速提高英语写作水平。在此和同学们分享英语四级作文：辩论式议论文的写作模板! Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take anopposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 主题句作文：是指按照所给出的题目和段落所给出的第一句进行续写，完成段落。主题句作文一般由三段组成。例如：Money
(1)Money is regarded by some people as the most impotant thing in life.__________Forthosepeople,a man with plenty of money can live happily.Forexample,only rich man can affordexpensive cars and luxurious houses.………… (2)But money cannot buy everything.___________Forinstance,no matter how muchmoney one has,he cannot buy good health,which is essential to a good life.Neither can be buyhappiness or friendship.Thus,although money is useful in many ways,there are still a lot ofthings ………… (3)There are people who ganmble or cheat to obtain money.____________Thosepeopletry to get money by dishonest means.Sooner or later,they will be punished by the law.Forthem,money will bring them nothing but misery.Only when money is obtained through workingcan it make people really happy. 主题句作文，应注意： (1)应紧扣主题句的思想，主题句是整个段落的主导思想，它支配着整个段落内容的发展，啊主题句思想的详细阐述; 2)理解每一个主题句的内容，在写主题句作文时，要从短文的整体结构来考虑各段的内容，并理解和把握各个段落之间的逻辑关系。 2015年6月英语四级作文万能模板：提纲式作文 1.对立观点式 A.有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么? B. 有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么? C.我的看法。Some
people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. Theyfirmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think t …… 2.说明原因型 Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides,( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ). To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) . It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 6 ). On the other hand ,( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce th…… 2015年6月英语四级应用文模板：求职信 Dear___________, I am _______and I would like to apply for the position of___________postedon________.I have attacheda copy of my resume for consideration.Ibelieve my qualifications are ideal match for your requirements.
I am a major in_______,and I will graduate in___________.In addition to my experience of_____________,I_____________.I believe my education and experience__________.You will find me to be____________.I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require, please feel free to contact me.It would be great if you give me an opportunity to meet you for interview. Best regards. 2015上半年CET4应用文模板：申请信 Dear_______, My name is ________,and I_________.I am writing to____________.I will be very grateful if my application can be considered and accepted. There are several factors contributing to my application. First of all,_________.Besides,__________.furthermore,___________.Therefore,_________. I sincerely hope you will grant me _____________.If you need more information,fell free to contact me at any time by calling_____________.Thank you for your kind consideration and I am looking forward to hearing from you . Sincerely yours, 2015年四级应用文模板：道歉信 Dear___________, I am terribly sorry to tell you that_________,and I am writing this letter to show my deep regret.Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude.I hope you will understand my situation and excuse me for___________. The reason why__________isthat__________.Under that circumstance,____________.Therefore,it was not my power to___________. If possible,I would like to suggest that___________.I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me___________.I am looking forward to seeing you again. Yours, ________ 2015英语四级应用文模板：祝贺信 Dear_______, I have just learnt that___________.I hasten to tender you a word of congratulations on this splendid success of________. It is indeed a remarkable thing for _________.The success of your________proves not only____________,but also___________. Again,please accept my warm congratulations and please give my best wishes to__________. Sincerely yours, ___________
015年6月大学英语四级应用文模板：拒绝信 Dear_____________, Thank you very much for_____________.To be honest,__________.However,the current situation does not allow me to do this. This has been a difficule decision for
me,but I have to do this.On the one hand,____________.On the other hand,__________.In view of these,I regret that_____________.I hope this does not bring you much inconwenience. I feel very sorry to disappoint you.If___________,I will __________.I do appreciate your________.Meanwhile,I wish___________. Sincerely yours ___________ 2015年6月英语四级考试应用文模板：投诉信 Dear __________, My name is __________, and I am __________. I venture to write you a letter about __________. The focus of the complaint is _________. For on thing,___________. For another,__________. Under these circumstances, I found / find it __________. Honestly speaking, _________. In addition,__________. All in all, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope _________. Thank you for your time and kind consideration. Sincerely yours, 2015年6月大学英语四级作文预测：感谢信 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of thanks. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你过生日时收到了Lucy送来的鲜花，写信向她表示感谢。你的信应包括: 1. 表达感谢之意 2. 提出回报对方 3. 期待对方做客【范文】 Dear Lucy, I am writing to express my sincere thanks for your beautiful flowers. I? like you to know how much your flowers meant to me. You have a positive genius for selecting the right gift. I not only enjoyed your flowers, but also the delicate vase. I shall ever remember this gift as one of the most precious things in my life. I will not be very busy the following days. I hope to have the opportunity of reciprocating. Would you kindly let me know what time you are at convenience? I will feel very happy if you have time to make me a call. How nice it would beto see you again and I am looking forward to seeing you next time! I repeat my thanks again for your lovely flowers. Please give my kind regards to your family. Yours truly, Huck
英语四级作文万能模版一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题） 5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……） 7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）
二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） 2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary
from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了） 2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）五、预示后果 1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……） 3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证 1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理) 2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点） 3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……） 4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句（我真诚地相信……）. 5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）
七、给出原因 1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三…… 3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面…… 4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法 1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然…… 4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着…… 5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视…… 6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……九、表示好处和坏处 1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势 2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great
benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处 3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处十、表示重要、方便、可能 1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是…… 2：It plays an important role in our life. 十一、采取措施 1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施 2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难 3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做…… 4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难十二、显示变化 1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化 2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化 3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到… 4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15% 十三、表明事实现状 1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实…… 2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实…… 3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 4:be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）十四、进行比较 1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B…… 2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 十五、常用英语谚语 1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子 3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马 4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半 5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊 6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里 7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母 8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母 9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老 10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量 11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人